Line signals (rope pulls) – Rope signals can be used if the diver is connected to another diver or tender by a rope or umbilical. There are a few partly standardised codes using "pulls" and "bells" (a pair of short tugs). These are mostly used as backup signals by professional divers in the event that voice communications fails, but can be useful to recreational and particularly technical divers, who can use them on their surface marker buoy lines to signal to the surface support crew.
Light signals – Made using an underwater torch at night. There are not many standard light signals. Suitably skilled divers can transmit morse code using a light.
Cave line symbols – these are symbols attached to cave lines, indicating critical information such as the direction to the exit.
Sign language Divers who are familiar with a sign language such as American sign language and equivalents may find it useful underwater, but there are limitations due to the difficulty of performing some of the gestures intelligibly underwater with gloved hands and often while trying to hold something.
Tap codes – made by knocking on the walls, are used occasionally to communicate with divers trapped in a sealed bell or the occupants of a submersible during a rescue.
Rattle – a tube containing ball bearings used by guides of large groups to attract attention.
Miscellaneous emergency signals – Including the use of mirrors, compressed air sirens, whistles, noisemakers, color-coded Delayed Surface Marker Buoys etc., to alert the surface support personnel of a problem
Diver down signals – The dive flags, lights and shape signals used to indicate the presence of divers in the water.
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